What are Autism Spectrum Disorders?

Autism Spectrum Disorders are a group of intricate neurodevelopmental disorders in children, which usually surface during the first three - four years of the child’s life. Children presenting autism symptoms may find difficulties in comprehending simple things or commands, or phrases which are used in everyday life. They often face trouble in perceiving beyond the literal meaning or things, emotions, and even instructions. This may lead them to appear as having difficulty in understanding, problem solving, speech, social interactions and behavior.

Asperger's Syndrome

Earlier, Asperger's Syndrome was categorised as a separate condition, however, over the years, it has been classified under Autism Spectrum Disorders, by The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Asperger's Syndrome, sometimes is also referred to as "high-functioning Autism". Its symptoms seem much less severe than other signs of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Asperger's Syndrome individuals usually do well intellectually, however, share the obsessive focus, or the need for sameness, repetitive behaviours, inappropriate behaviours, etc of Autistic persons. Aserger's persons also suffer from sensory difficulties, which may cause an outburst of seemingly inappropriate emotions.

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

Also known as PDD- NOS, this type of ASD is known to be more severe than Asperger's Syndrome, but not as severe as Autistic Disorder. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association reclassified Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified, as a part of Autism Spectrum Disorders, as it entails a lot of similarities in its symptoms, such as cognitive development delays, socialising and communication difficulties, intolerance a change in routine, repetitive behaviours, and gestures. These individuals face trouble in expressing thoughts and controlling emotions, thus, appearing to have inappropriate responses to certain situations.

Autistic Disorder

Autistic Disorder is an older term which exhibits the same autism symptoms as Asperger's Syndrome & PDD- NOS, however, is further along the Autism Spectrum, and presents with more intense signs of Autism.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder was a term which referred to what parents and therapists usually address as "regression in milestones". Signs of Autism suddenly exhibited are loss of social & cognitive skills, despite an initial "normal" development. This is mostly also accompanied with a seizure disorder, and surfaces between the ages of 2 - 4 years. This was known to be one of the most severe forms of Autism.

Rett Syndrome

What is Rett Syndrome? It's very similar to Autism, but occurs rarely, and is usually prevalent in girls. Rett syndrome symptoms include microcephaly, wringing or rubbing of hands, possibly with loss of normal function, extreme social anxiety, a decline in language skills, poor muscle coordination, difficulty in walking, and a prominent history of seizures.

Let's begin with the earliest signs of Autism- lack of responsiveness or lack of eye contact. Autistic children may initially not show any response to name, or look directly at the person when spoken to.

In some cases of Autism, symptoms may present as a regression of social and cognitive milestones between the age of 2- 4 years, where the child's development seems to be on track, however, he/she starts to slowly ‘lose' the milestones.

Commonly, the following signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders are observed

Symptoms of Autism

Lack of response to own name

Symptoms of Autism

Poor eye contact

Impaired communication skills; either verbal or non-verbal

Symptoms of Autism

Lack, regression, or delay of speech development

Symptoms of Autism

Occasional communication via gestures

Symptoms of Autism

Poor social interaction

Extreme restlessness with a poor attention span

Symptoms of Autism

Repetitive or stereotypical gestures or movements, such as hand flapping, running in circles, or rocking, which may seem obsessive

Excessive attachment with material objects and reduced human connections

Symptoms of Autism

Sudden expression of loud, meaningless sounds

Symptoms of Autism

Sensitivity to external loud noises which cause sensory discomfort

Symptoms of Autism

Self-infliction of pain

Aggressive behaviour towards others like biting, scratching, pulling others hair, throwing objects, etc.

Symptoms of Autism

Pica - Appetite for inedible and non-nutritive items like chalk, paper, sand, paint and dirt.

The cause of autism has always been debatable and cannot be attributed to a single known cause. There are some excerpts brought forward by doctors, researchers and scientists which attribute the causes to a structural or functional damage to the brain.

A change in the structure of a gene, often called a mutation can be responsible for abnormal brain development leading to autistic features. Alternatively, non-genetic factors like certain perinatal complications such as maternal bleeding in between three months into the pregnancy, the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid, insufficient nutrient intake during pregnancy etc.

Environmental factors (mercury poisoning, maternal stress and exposure to strong medications, toxins, infections or radiation) may also be responsible for autism.

It is essential to realize that no particular individual or event can be held responsible for the child's diagnosis. Investing in the child's care and treatment can go milestones in helping a child with autism.

The risk factors for causes of Autism, therefore, are:
 

Genetic factors like Fragile X Syndrome

A family history of Autism

Higher parental age at the time of conception

Metabolic imbalance

Heavy metals & toxins exposure

Low birth weight of the child

Recurrent infections at infancy or during gestation

Intrauterine exposure to medications such as anti epileptics, etc.

CELL THERAPY

We have effectively treated over 1839 patients of Autism

cell therapy Fo Autism, Autism Treatment

Cell Therapy for Autism treatment in India and across the globe, is being thoroughly researched. Doctors are working on regenerative medicine using and all over the globe, as the prospective therapy for children showing signs of Autism.

 

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, yet several researchers have come together to study on how this disorder develops, its after effects on brain and plausible best autism treatment.

 

The two key pathologies linked with autism are lack of oxygen supply to the brain and immune degeneration. These factors are directly associated with a hampered brain function. Additionally an imbalance in the brain activity can lead to formations linked with autism.

 

The whole concept of Cellular Therapy at NeuroGen BSI, one of the best autism treatment centers in India, is based on the fact that bone marrow-derived cells hold the capacity to develop into different cells and structure specialized cells from the mother cell. These bone marrow-derived cells can help repair the affected neural tissue at the molecular, structural and functional level. They get to the core of the neuropathology of autism with the help of paracrine disciplinary functions. It is able to regulate cell differentiation, tissue and organ repair and anti-inflammatory actions. Hence, cell therapy for Autism is now widely considered treatment by researchers and doctors. Watch the video to know more about cell therapy for Autism.

THE NEUROGEN OUTCOME IN AUTISM

At NeuroGen BSI, one of the best autism treatment centers, we have effectively treated over 1800 cases through cell therapy for autism in India. We are also amongst the centers which provide the best autism treatment in India through cell therapy. With a focused research through its autism treatment center, NeuroGen BSI has published the world’s first clinical study in the International Journal “Stem Cell International.” The study focuses on how cell therapy for Autism could be one of the best autism treatments in India. The study showed the effect of cells in autism treatment in 32 patients. The path breaking results observed through this study has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for autism in India.

The whole concept of cell therapy for Autism at NeuroGen BSI, one of the best autism treatment centers in India, is based on the fact that autologous bone marrow derived cells hold the capacity to develop into different cells and structure specialized cells from the mother cell. Our patients have shown remarkable improvements in various aspects proving the benefits of cell therapy for Autism in India. The behaviour patterns that are observed in children with autism such as hyperactivity, engaging in stereotypical and repetitive motor mannerisms have decreased significantly. Immense improvements are also seen in their sensory aspects and motor activities. At NeuroGen BSI’s autism treatment center, several parents have also reported that the concentration and the attention span of their children are much better than before after cell treatment for autism in India.

STATISTICS OF OVERALL IMPROVEMENTS IN PATIENTS AFTER CELL THERAPY FOR AUTISM IN INDIA

90% patients showed symptomatic improvement

 

 

The overall improvements that are seen in patients after cell therapy for Autism are:

  • Reduction in self stimulatory behaviour.

  • Improvement in eye contact

  • Improvement in speech

  • Improvement in communication skills

  • Improvement in social interactions

  • Reduction in aggressive behaviour


The medical results of the autism patients treated to date with cell therapy at NeuroGen BSI’s Autism treatment center, shows that 91% of these patients showed an overall improvement on Clinical Global Impression II (CGI-II) scale.


 

 

 

These functional enhancements that have been seen in our patients can be correlated with the improvements in the brain metabolism as well that is observed in the PET-CT (Positron emission tomography- computerized tomography) scans of the patients.

 

 

The usage of autologous bone marrow has shown major clinical and objective radiological improvements in children with autism. The treatment is easy, safe and effective as it aims at neurological repair.

TREATMENTS THAT FOLLOW

A treatment plan for Autism cannot be exactly the same for all children with Autism. Whether traditional, or unconventional, they have to be personalised. This personalisation can only be achieved with a thorough evaluation of the child. However, it is imperative that the following therapies be followed religiously after cell therapy, for the best possible outcome!

 

01. Is autism genetic?

One of the most important causes for autism spectrum disorder is the genetic factor. It was affirmed that heritability was inherent through the study of autism in twins. It is difficult to define or explain why autism occurs merely on the basis of genetics. No solid reasons could be discovered even after use of molecular tools and analytical tools. A simple solution cannot be the answer when more than one gene is involved. Researchers are studying the possibility of genetic imprinting too. But still there is no definitive answer to this question.

02. Will my other children have autism?

In a journal of JAMA Pediatrics, researchers from Aarhus University in Denmark have stated that children with older siblings diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder are likely to carry on the same. The child born to the same parents have a 7.5% risk factor to be detected with autism. While maternal born siblings have a 2.4% greater risk factor, paternal half siblings have a lesser risk factor. Therefore it is essential that parents need to keep all risk factors in mind before deciding upon having another child. In case you decide to have another child, discuss matters clearly with the doctor. Take all the preventive measure needed like prenatal folic acid and avoid overexposure to toxins.

03. Is there a cure for autism?

Even though there is no cure for autism that has been discovered but it does not mean that nothing can be done for a child with autism. There are medications and therapies to help people cope up but it works better on people with higher function. For example, medication will better help to manage high energy levels, lack of concentration, depression and abnormal behaviour. Parents having an autistic child will better manage the complex behavioural of the child.

04. Can medications cure autism?

Medications cannot fully cure your child of autism but can only provide temporary relief. But once the behavioural symptoms are brought under control, you can take the next step. There are several therapy programs like psychological therapy, occupational therapy, vocational training, and speech therapy and so on to help your child cope up with the problem. Consult a proficient pediatrician or psychiatrist to discuss your child’s behavioural details.

05. Which school should my child attend; a special or a normal school?

Many parents tend to be in a tight spot thinking about their child’s future. They want the best for the child including sending them to a school where the child gets nurtured to the fullest. Since autistic children are comparatively more sensitive than others, they need special attention. At present, the number of schools for children with autism is inadequate.

Broadly speaking schools may be classified into the following:

  • Mainstream or Regular

  • Inclusive or Integrated

  • Special services schools

  • Home-schooling

  • Residential schools or homes

Autistic children have a difficult time coping up in a normal set up. A regular school can get very challenging for the child. This is not to say that an autistic child won’t excel in a standard setting. But smaller and private schools can give better attention to your child rather than larger schools.

06. What are the other treatment or therapy options available for my child?

This question will be better answered if you consult a developmental pediatrician. An early intervention to tackle the problem would speed up the healing process. Research has revealed that children with ASD’s treated before they complete 48 months of age have a greater chance of improving rather than children treated after 48 months of age. A multi-disciplinary holistic approach is needed for autism management.

It consists of:

  • Clinical Psychologist

  • Occupational Therapist

  • Speech and Language pathologist

  • Dietician

  • Physiotherapist

  • Art, play, music, drama therapist

  • Each of the above professionals will target different aspects in the treatment of your child Newer forms of therapies like cell therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are effective newer forms of therapies.

07. Are there ethical concerns surrounding adult stem cell research and therapy?

No, there are no ethical concerns surrounding adult stem cell research and therapy. Ethical concerns are mostly occurs through the use of embryonic cells. Our therapy consists of using cells which are taken out from the patient’s own body and it is free from ethical concerns.

08. Is the treatment painful?

No, the treatment is not painful as the Autism treatment through cell therapy is done under local anesthesia and mild sedation. There is no major pain or discomfort during or after the procedure.

09. Does the treatment have any side effects?

The entire autism treatment process is safe and till date none of our patients have shown any signs of neurological deterioration. In rare cases, side effects like headache for 3-4 days, neck or back pain, vomiting, mild rash or pain at the area of bone marrow aspirations may arise. Some unexpected medical complications can occur but that is just a possibility.

10. How long will it take me to know that my child has benefitted from the treatment?

This may vary from patient to patient. Some patients make speedy improvements by 3-6 months after Autism treatment through cell therapy while in some cases patients take several months or years together to heal. And there are some patients that recover even before their discharge.

11. Is the transplantation of the cells done once or more than once?

This will depend on the condition of the patient. If the patient shows signs of improvement after the first cell therapy at NeuroGen, an autism treatment center then a second session may be suggested by a team of experts. The second transplantation can transpire anytime between 3-6 months of the first cell therapy for Autism in India.

12. Can other treatments be taken at the same time?

We will have to review the entire dose of medication before coming upon a decision. Generally we do allow the patients to continue their other medication. But it is better to consult a doctor beforehand.

CASE REPORT 1

 

Master LC, a nine year old London, was born on the 34th week of gestation, via a normal delivery, but prolonged labour. The baby did not cry immediately after birth and weighed 2.5 kgs. He was kept under observation for five days...

 

CASE REPORT 2

 

Master AS is a known case of ADHD and Autism, with a history of poor social interaction, hyperactivity and an absence of emotional behaviors. He would engage in self injurious behavior like scratching his skin excessively..

 



FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

01. Is autism genetic?

One of the most important causes for autism spectrum disorder is the genetic factor. It was affirmed that heritability was inherent through the study of autism in twins. It is difficult to define or explain why autism occurs merely on the basis of genetics. No solid reasons could be discovered even after use of molecular tools and analytical tools. A simple solution cannot be the answer when more than one gene is involved. Researchers are studying the possibility of genetic imprinting too. But still there is no definitive answer to this question.

02. Will my other children have autism?

In a journal of JAMA Pediatrics, researchers from Aarhus University in Denmark have stated that children with older siblings diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder are likely to carry on the same. The child born to the same parents have a 7.5% risk factor to be detected with autism. While maternal born siblings have a 2.4% greater risk factor, paternal half siblings have a lesser risk factor. Therefore it is essential that parents need to keep all risk factors in mind before deciding upon having another child. In case you decide to have another child, discuss matters clearly with the doctor. Take all the preventive measure needed like prenatal folic acid and avoid overexposure to toxins.

03. Is there a cure for autism?

Even though there is no cure for autism that has been discovered but it does not mean that nothing can be done for a child with autism. There are medications and therapies to help people cope up but it works better on people with higher function. For example, medication will better help to manage high energy levels, lack of concentration, depression and abnormal behaviour. Parents having an autistic child will better manage the complex behavioural of the child.

04. Can medications cure autism?

Medications cannot fully cure your child of autism but can only provide temporary relief. But once the behavioural symptoms are brought under control, you can take the next step. There are several therapy programs like psychological therapy, occupational therapy, vocational training, and speech therapy and so on to help your child cope up with the problem. Consult a proficient pediatrician or psychiatrist to discuss your child's behavioural details.

05. Which school should my child attend; a special or a normal school?

Many parents tend to be in a tight spot thinking about their child's future. They want the best for the child including sending them to a school where the child gets nurtured to the fullest. Since autistic children are comparatively more sensitive than others, they need special attention. At present, the number of schools for children with autism is inadequate.

Broadly speaking schools may be classified into the following:

  • Mainstream or Regular

  • Inclusive or Integrated

  • Special services schools

  • Home-schooling

  • Residential schools or homes

Autistic children have a difficult time coping up in a normal set up. A regular school can get very challenging for the child. This is not to say that an autistic child won't excel in a standard setting. But smaller and private schools can give better attention to your child rather than larger schools.

06. What are the other treatment or therapy options available for my child?

This question will be better answered if you consult a developmental pediatrician. An early intervention to tackle the problem would speed up the healing process. Research has revealed that children with ASD's treated before they complete 48 months of age have a greater chance of improving rather than children treated after 48 months of age. A multi-disciplinary holistic approach is needed for autism management.

It consists of:

  • Clinical Psychologist

  • Occupational Therapist

  • Speech and Language pathologist

  • Dietician

  • Physiotherapist

  • Art, play, music, drama therapist

  • Each of the above professionals will target different aspects in the treatment of your child Newer forms of therapies like cell therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are effective newer forms of therapies.

07. Are there ethical concerns surrounding adult stem cell research and therapy?

No, there are no ethical concerns surrounding adult stem cell research and therapy. Ethical concerns are mostly occurs through the use of embryonic cells. Our therapy consists of using cells which are taken out from the patient's own body and it is free from ethical concerns.

08. Is the treatment painful?

No, the treatment is not painful as the therapy is done under local anesthesia and a mild sedation. There is no major pain or discomfort during or after the procedure.

09. Does the treatment have any side effects?

The entire treatment process is safe and till date none of our patients have shown any signs of neurological deterioration. In rare cases, side effects like headache for 3-4 days, neck or back pain, vomiting, mild rash or pain at the area of bone marrow aspirations may arise. Some unexpected medical complication can occur but that is just a possibility.

10. How long will it take me to know that my child has benefitted from the treatment?

This may vary from patient to patient. Some patients make speedy improvements by 3-6 months while in some cases patients take several months or years together to heal. And there are some patients that recover even before their discharge.

11. Is the transplantation of the bone marrow-derived cells done once or more than once?

This will depend on the condition of the patient. If the patient shows signs of improvement after the first surgery then a second session may be suggested by a team of experts. The second transplantation can transpire anytime between 3-6 months of the first therapy.

12. Can other treatments be taken at the same time?

We will have to review the entire dose of medication before coming upon a decision. Generally we do allow the patients to continue their other medication. But it is better to consult a doctor beforehand.